Annotation

世界各国の数百人の眼科学の権威が、臨床治療上のあらゆる疑問に答えるレファレンス・テキストの14年ぶりの改訂版（旧版はElsevier刊）。最新診断法、外科手技、最新科学概念とその臨床上の重要性などを解説。フルカラー。
Updates include new chapters on anterior and posterior segment diseases, as well as chapters more focused on treatment, plus thousands of new, high-quality, color images and illustrations, updated references, and information on the most cutting-edge technology used by clinicians in their practices today. Prev. ed.: 2008.

Full Description

Keeping up to date with advances in comprehensive ophthalmology and in the ophthalmic sub-specialties is extremely difficult because of the accelerating rapidity with which new information and technology become available and the diminishing time and opportunity for practitioners and trainees to read and learn. The first edition of Albert and Jakobiec's Principles and Practice (1994) was conceived with the idea of utilizing an electronic, updated version in which the chapters were revised by the chapter authors on an annual or semi-annual basis, but the technology was not sufficiently advanced to achieve this goal. Subsequent editions (2000 and 2008) were organized by Saunders and the last published by Elsevier (of which Springer has obtained the complete rights to move forward with the 4th edition, see attachment). For nearly three decades, this text has provided its readers with authoritative and comprehensive coverage of clinical ophthalmology, written and edited by a group of authors who represented a "Who's Who" in ophthalmology. By using Springer's Meteor platform, with its ability to allow authors and editors access to updating their chapters online annually/semi-annually, and with the recruitment of select chapter authors, this work's usefulness as the standard text in ophthalmology will be maintained and expanded upon by Springer. The 4th edition of this comprehensive and authoritative text is written by hundreds of the most distinguished authorities from around the world and edited by four leaders in the field, providing today's best answers to every question that arises in ophthalmology practice. Richly illustrated with thousands of high quality, full color, clinically-relevant images, Albert and Jakobiec's Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology, 4th Edition covers every scientific and clinical principle in ophthalmology, ensuring that the reader will always be able to find the guidance needed to diagnose and manage patients' ocular problems and meet today's standards of care. Written for practicing ophthalmologists and trainees, this book delivers in-depth guidance on new diagnostic approaches, operative techniques, and treatment options, as well as coherent explanations of new scientific concept and its clinical importance. The 4th edition will prove to be the source every practicing clinician needs to efficiently and confidently overcome any clinical challenge they may face. Updates include new chapters on anterior and posterior segment diseases, as well as chapters more focused on treatment, plus thousands of new, high-quality, color images and illustrations, updated references, and information on the most cutting-edge technology used by clinicians in their practices today. Additionally, readers will enjoy the same, user-friendly, full-color design they remember from the previous edition, complete with many at-a-glance summary tables, algorithms, boxes, and diagrams that allow the reader to locate the assistance needed more rapidly than ever.

Table of Contents

Fundamentals of Genetics.- Molecular Mechanisms of Inherited Disease.- Genetic Testing.- Principles of Genetic Counseling.- Immunology - An Overview.- A Cast of Thousands: The Cells of the Immune System.- T-Lymphocyte Responses.- B-Lymphocyte Responses.- Immune-Mediated Tissue Injury.- Regulation of Immune Responses.- Ocular Bacteriology.- Chlamydial Disease.- The Spirochetes.- Parasitic and Rickettsial Ocular Infections.- Fungal Infections of the Eye.- Ocular Virology.- Ocular Pharmacokinetics.- Anesthetics.- Antibacterials.- Antivirals.- Antifungal Agents.- Antiparasitics.- Corticosteroids in Ophthalmic Practice.- Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs.- Antihistamines and Mast Cell Stabilizers in Allergic Ocular Disease.- Tear Film and Blink Dynamics.- Tear Substitutes.- Viscoelastics.- Pharmacologic Agents with Osmotic Effects.- Pharmacologic Treatment of Immune Disorders and Specifically of Immune Ocular Inflammatory Disease.- Angiogenic Factors and Inhibitors.- Principles of Toxicology of the Eye.- Toxicology of Ophthalmic Agents by Class.- Epidemiology and Clinical Research.- Epidemiology of Age-Related Cataract.- Epidemiology of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.- Epidemiology of Diabetic Retinopathy.- Epidemiology of Age-Related Macular Degeneration.- Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Cornea, Superficial Limbus, and Conjunctiva.- Corneal Form and Function: Clinical Perspective.- Ocular Surface Epithelial Stem Cells and Corneal Wound Healing Response to Injury and Infection.- Corneal Examination, Specular and Confocal Microscopy, UBM, OCT.- Corneal Dysgeneses, Dystrophies, and Degenerations.- Keratoconus and Corneal Noninflammatory Ectasias.- Corneal Manifestations of Metabolic Disease.- Immunologic Disorders of the Conjunctiva, Cornea, and Sclera.- Allergic and Toxic Reactions: The Immune Response.- 48: Lid Inflammations.- Viral Disease of the Cornea and External Eye.- Bacterial, Chlamydial, and Mycobacterial Infections.- Fungal Keratitis.- Acanthamoeba Keratitis.- Interstitial Keratitis.- Recurrent Corneal Epithelial Erosion.- Persistent Epithelial Defects.- Chemical Injuries of the Eye.- Wetting of the Ocular Surface and Dry-Eye Disorders.- Tumors of the Cornea and Conjunctiva.- Lamellar Keratoplasty.- Penetrating Keratoplasty.- Endothelial Keratoplasty.- Complications of Corneal Transplantation and Their Management.- Excimer Laser Phototherapeutic Keratectomy.- Conjunctival Surgery.- Ocular Surface Transplantation.- Amniotic Membrane Surgery.- Keratoprosthesis.- History, Development, and Classification of Refractive Surgical Procedures.- Optical Principles for Refractive Surgery.- Corneal Topography and Wave Front Analysis.- Diagnosis and Management of Corneal Irregular Astigmatism.- Biomechanics and Wound Healing in Refractive Surgery.- Excimer Laser Instrumentation.- Mechanical and Laser Microkeratomes.- LASIK Patient Evaluation and Selection.- Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopia, Hyperopia, and Astigmatism.- Decentration in Keratorefractive Procedures.- LASEK and Epi-LASIK.- LASIK for Myopia, Hyperopia, and Astigmatism.- Wavefront-Guided Excimer Laser Surgery.- Intraoperative Complications of LASIK.- Incisional Surgery: Radial and Astigmatic Keratotomy.- Intrastromal Corneal Rings for Myopia, Keratoconus, and Corneal Ectasia.- Conductive Keratoplasty for the Treatment of Hyperopia and Presbyopia.- Scleral Procedure for Presbyopia.- Refractive Surgery with Phakic IOLs.- Clear Lens Extraction.- Accommodative and Pseudoaccommodative Intraocular Lenses.- Future Developments with Conductive Keratoplasty.- Introduction to Uveitis.- Immunosuppression.- Anterior Uveitis.- Ocular Manifestations of Sarcoidosis.- Intermediate Uveitis.- Infectious Causes of Posterior Uveitis.- Birdshot Chorioretinopathy.- Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease (Uveomeningitic Syndrome).- Ocular Histoplasmosis.- Sympathetic Ophthalmia.- Fuchs' Heterochromic Iridocyclitis.- Serpiginous Choroiditis.- Intraocular Lymphoproliferations Simulating Uveitis.- Choroidal Effusions and Detachments.- Biology of the Lens: Lens Transparency as a Function of Embryology, Anatomy, and Physiology.- Lens Proteins and Their Molecular Biology.- Biophysics and Age Changes of the Crystalline Lens.- Mechanism of Cataract Formation.- Subjective Classification and Objective Quantitation of Human Cataract.- History of Cataract Surgery.- Historical Development of Modern Intraocular Lens Surgery.- Preoperative Preparation of Patients for Cataract and Lens Implant Surgery.- Anesthesia for Cataract Surgery.- Extracapsular Cataract Extraction.- Phacoemulsification - Theory and Practice.- Fluidics.- Intraocular Lens Implantation.- Pediatric Cataract Surgery.- Combined Procedures.- Secondary Intraocular Lens Implantation.- Astigmatism and Cataract Surgery.- Complications of IOL Surgery.- Functional Anatomy of the Neural Retina.- Visual Acuity, Adaptation, and Color Vision.- Objective Assessment of Retinal Function.- Muller Cells and the Retinal Pigment Epithelium.- Retinal and Choroidal Circulations.- Examination of the Retina: Ophthalmoscopy and Fundus Biomicroscopy.- Principles of Fluorescein Angiography.- Indocyanine Green Videoangiography.- Optical Coherence Tomography.- Retinal Arterial Occlusions.- Retinal Venous Occlusive Disease.- Diagnosis, Management, and Treatment of Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy.- Diabetic Macular Edema.- Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy.- Advanced Retinopathy of Prematurity.- Eales' Disease.- 138: Retinal Arterial Macroaneurysms.- Coats' Disease and Retinal Telangiectasia.- Neuroretinitis.- Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy.- Central Serous Chorioretinopathy.- Genetics of Age-Related Macular Degeneration.- Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Drusen and Geographic Atrophy.- Foods and Supplements in the Prevention and Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration.- Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Choroidal Neovascularization.- Photodynamic Therapy.- Anti-VEGF and Other Pharmacologic Treatments for Age-Related Macular Degeneration.- Surgical Treatments of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.- Acute Idiopathic Maculopathy.- Idiopathic Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy.- Angioid Streaks.- Ocular Histoplasmosis Syndrome.- Pathologic Myopia.- Idiopathic Macular Hole.- Choroidal and Retinal Folds.- Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy, Serpiginous Choroiditis, and Relentless Placoid Chorioretinitis.- Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome.- Acute Zonal Occult Outer Retinopathy.- Macular Epiretinal Membranes.- Acute Macular Neuroretinopathy.- Toxoplasmosis.- Retinal Manifestations of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: Diagnosis and Treatment.- Acute Retinal Necrosis.- Ocular Syphilis.- Subretinal Fibrosis and Uveitis Syndrome.- Diffuse Unilateral Subacute Neuroretinitis.- Frosted Branch Angiitis.- Retinal Manifestations of the Rheumatic Diseases.- Retinopathy Associated with Blood Anomalies.- Posterior Segment Sarcoidosis.- Sickle-Cell Retinopathy.- Traumatic Retinopathy.- Photic Retinopathy.- Radiation Retinopathy.- Retinal Toxicity of Systemic Medications.- Retinitis Pigmentosa and Allied Diseases.- Hereditary Cone Dystrophies.- Heredofamilial Macular Degenerations.- Lattice Degeneration, Cystic Retinal Tufts, Asymptomatic Retinal Breaks, and Additional Selected Peripheral Retinal Findings.- Retinoschisis.- Retinal Detachment.- Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy.- Postoperative Endophthalmitis.- Giant Retinal Tears.- Management of Retained Lens Fragments and Dislocated Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lenses.- Intraocular Foreign Bodies.- Diseases of the Vitreous.- Heredofamilial Vitreoretinopathies.- Aqueous Humor and the Dynamics of Its Flow: Formation of Aqueous Humo.- Aqueous Humor and the Dynamics of Its Flow: Mechanisms and Routes of Aqueous Humor Drainage.- Cellular Mechanisms in the Trabecular Meshwork Affecting the Aqueous Humor Outflow Pathway.- Genetics of Glaucoma.- Clinical Evaluation of the Glaucoma Patient.- Tonometry and Tonography.- Glaucomatous Visual Field Loss.- Optic Nerve Head and Nerve Fiber Layer Imaging.- Primary Congenital Glaucoma.- Juvenile-Onset Open-Angle Glaucoma.- Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.- Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma.- Combined-Mechanism Glaucoma.- The Exfoliation Syndrome: A Continuing Challenge.- Pigment Dispersion Syndrome and Pigmentary Glaucoma.- Inflammatory Glaucoma.- Glaucoma Associated with Ocular Trauma.- Lens-Associated Glaucomas.- Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome.- Ocular Tumors and Glaucoma.- Corticosteroid-Induced Glaucoma.- Glaucoma Associated with Increased Episcleral Venous Pressure.- Glaucoma Secondary to Anterior Segment Surgery.- Neovascular Glaucoma.- Nanophthalmos: Guidelines for Diagnosis and Therapy.- Penetrating Keratoplasty and Glaucoma.- Glaucoma Associated with Disorders of the Retina, Vitreous, and Choroid.- Medical Management of Glaucoma.- Laser Trabeculoplasty for Open-Angle Glaucoma.- Laser and Surgery Treatment of Angle-Closure Glaucoma.- Glaucoma Filtration Surgery: Indications, Techniques, and Complications.- Nonpenetrating Glaucoma Surgery: Indications, Techniques, Complications, and Results.- Management of Glaucoma and Cataract.- Glaucoma Drainage Implants.- Cycloablation.- Basic Anatomy of the Orbit.- Introduction to Orbital Diseases.- The Approach to Orbital Surgery.- Cystic Lesions of the Orbit.- Pathophysiology of Graves' Orbitopathy.- Management of Graves' Ophthalmopathy.- Noninfectious Orbital Inflammations.- Infectious Processes of the Orbit.- Epithelial Tumors of the Lacrimal Gland.- Tumors of the Lacrimal Gland and Sac.- Vascular Anomalies of the Eyelid and Orbit.- Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors of the Orbit.- Orbital and Ocular Adnexal Lymphoid Tumors.- Other Lymphocytic Disease Processes.- Metastatic and Secondary Orbital Tumors.- Miscellaneous Rare Tumors and Disorders Involving the Orbit.- Benign Histiocytic Disorders of the Orbit.- Mesenchymal, Fibroosseous, and Cartilaginous Orbital Tumors.- Anatomy of the Eyelids, Eyebrow, Midface, and Lacrimal Drainage System.- Congenital Eyelid Anomalies.- Eyelid Infections.- Benign Epithelial Tumors.- Periocular Dermatology.- Mohs' Surgery for Eyelid Malignancies.- Basal Cell Carcinoma in the Eyelid.- Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the Eyelids.- Sebaceous Gland Neoplasms.- Eyelid and Periorbital Reconstruction.- Eyelid Tumors of Apocrine, Eccrine, and Pilar Origins.- Melanocytic Lesions of the Eyelid and Ocular Adnexa.- Unusual Eyelid Tumors.- Upper Eyelid Malpositions: Congenital Ptosis.- Acquired Ptosis.- Upper Eyelid Malpositions: Retraction, Ectropion, and Entropion.- Lower Eyelid Malpositions.- Disorders of the Eyelashes and Eyebrows.- Blepharospasm and Hemifacial Spasm.- Upper Blepharoplasty.- Lower Eyelid Blepharoplasty and Midface Elevation Surgery.- Ablative CO2 Laser Skin Resurfacing.- Enucleation, Evisceration, and Exenteration.- Assessment and Management of the Eyebrow.- Principles of Pathology.- Conjunctival and Corneal Pathology.- Pathology of the Uveal Tract.- Pathology of the Lens.- Pathology of the Retina and Vitreous.- Pathology of Glaucoma.- Pathology of the Lids.- Orbital Pathology.- Pathology of the Optic Nerve.- Clinical Examination.- Examination of the Visual Field.- Neuroophthalmologic Disease of the Retina.- Optic Atrophy and Papilledema.- Optic Neuritis.- The Ischemic Optic Neuropathies.- Tumors of the Anterior Visual Pathways.- Hereditary Optic Neuropathies.- Infectious, Inflammatory, Toxic and Other Optic Neuropathies.- Chiasmal Disorders.- Retrochiasmal Disorders.- Neurovascular Neuroophthalmology.- Primary Headache Disorders with Ophthalmic Features.- Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (Pseudotumor Cerebri).- Nonorganic Visual Disorders.- The Pupils and Accommodation.- Diseases of the Ocular Muscles.- Myasthenia.- Third-, Fourth-, and Sixth-Nerve Lesions and the Cavernous Sinus.- Central Eye Movement Disorders.- The Pediatric Eye Examination.- Refractive Errors in Children.- Amblyopia.- Infections of the Eye and Adnexa in Children.- Congenital and Developmental Abnormalities of the Eye, Orbit, and Ocular Adnexa.- Pediatric Ptosis.- Lacrimal System Abnormalities.- Pediatric Glaucomas.- Congenital and Childhood Cataracts.- Visual Impairment in Infants and Young Children.- Retinal Lesions Presenting in Childhood.- Retinopathy of Prematurity.- Ocular Trauma in Infancy and Childhood.- Congenital Optic Nerve Anomalies.- Nystagmus and Nystagmoid Eye Movements.- Learning Disorders and Vision Therapy.- Clinical Evaluation of Strabismus.- Genetics of Strabismus.- Imaging and Strabismus.- Comitant Strabismus.- Complex or Incomitant Strabismus.- Treatment of Diplopia and Strabismus.- Hypertension and Its Ocular Manifestations.- Diabetes Mellitus.- 322: Childhood Arthritis and Anterior Uveitis.- Adult Rheumatoid Arthritis.- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.- Giant Cell Arteritis.- Wegener's Granulomatosis.- Scleroderma.- Adamantiades-Behcet's Disease.- Systemic Manifestations of Sarcoidosis.- Osseous and Musculoskeletal Disorders.- Amyloidosis and the Eye.- Gastrointestinal and Nutritional Disorders.- Oculorenal Syndromes.- Ophthalmic Manifestations of Some Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders.- Nutritional Blindness.- Pregnancy and the Eye.- The Eye in Aging.- Systemic Bacterial Infections and the Eye.- Mycobacterial Diseases: Tuberculosis and Leprosy.- Systemic Viral Infections and the Eye.- AIDS and Its Ophthalmic Manifestations.- Fungal Infections and the Eye.- Systemic Parasitic Infections and the Eye.- Spirochetal Infections and the Eye.- Chlamydial Disease.- Hematologic Disorders.- Graft versus Host Disease.- Ocular Manifestations of Systemic Vasculitides.- Pigmented Tumors of the Iris.- Diagnosis of Choroidal Melanoma.- Charged Particle Irradiation of Uveal Melanoma.- Brachytherapy for Posterior Uveal Malignant Melanoma.- Surgical Resection of Uveal Melanoma.- Enucleation for Uveal Melanoma.- Genetics of Uveal Melanoma.- Melanocytomas.- Choroidal Metastasis.- Leukemias.- Intraocular Lymphoma.- Choroidal Nevus and Melanocytoma.- Tumors of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium.- Choroidal Hemangiomas.- Choroidal Osteoma.- Tumor Involvement of the Vitreous.- Ophthalmological Manifestations of Systemic Neoplasia and Its Treatment.- The Phakomatoses.- Assessment of Risk for Hereditary Retinoblastoma.- Second Primary Neoplasms in Retinoblastoma: Effect of Gene and Environment.- Staging and Grouping of Retinoblastoma.- Current Management of Retinoblastoma.- Genetic Progression from Retina to Retinoblastoma.- Overview of Ocular Trauma.- Evaluation and Initial Management of Patients with Ocular and Adnexal Trauma.- Anterior Segment Trauma.- Penetrating Posterior Segment Trauma.- Nonpenetrating Posterior Segment Trauma.- Intraocular Foreign Bodies.- Sports Injuries.- Epidemiology and Prevention of Ocular Trauma.- Neuroophthalmologic Manifestations of Trauma.- Penetrating Eyelid and Orbital Trauma.- Structural Injuries of the Orbit.- Late Management of Orbital Deformities.- Managing the Child with an Ocular or Orbital Injury.- Physical Optics for Clinicians.- Geometric Optics.- Optics of the Eye.- Objective Determination of Refractive Error.- Optical Instruments Used to Examine the Eye.- Prescription of Spectacles.- Prescribing Prisms.- Contact Lenses.- Optics of Intraocular Lenses.- Low Vision, Vision Disability, and Blindness.- Visual System Disorders and Low Vision Rehabilitation.- Quantifying Vision Disability.- Psychiatric and Psychosocial Factors in Low Vision Rehabilitation.- Rehabilitation Medicine Model for Low Vision Rehabilitation.- Evaluation and Management of the Patient with Low Vision: Entree into Vision Rehabilitation.- Central Scotomas and Preferred Retinal Loci.- Driving with Low Vision: Who, Where, When, and Why.- Computer Technology Assistance for the Low Vision Patient.- Conclusion: The Role of the Ophthalmologist in Low-Vision Rehabilitation - Help When There Is No Cure.- Professionalism in Medicine.- The Ethical Ophthalmologist.- Teaching Professionalism and Ethics in Ophthalmology.- Informed Consent.- Learning Surgery - An Ethical Perspective.- Ophthalmic Co-Management.- Ethics in Marketing a Medical Practice.- Commercial Relationships.- Ethics of Expert Witness Testimony.- Complementary and Alternative Therapy.- Ethics and Professionalism Online: The Internet, E-mail, and Ethical Practice.- Ethical Issues in Clinical Research.- The American Academy of Ophthalmology Code of Ethics.- Source Documents for Medical Ethics.