Full Description
Covering the entire spectrum of this fast-changing field, Diagnostic Imaging: Spine, fourth edition, is an invaluable resource for general radiologists, neuroradiologists, and trainees—anyone who requires an easily accessible, highly visual reference on today’s spinal imaging. Drs. Jeffrey Ross, Kevin Moore, and their team of highly regarded experts provide updated information on disease identification and imaging techniques to help you make informed decisions at the point of care. The text is lavishly illustrated, delineated, and referenced, making it a useful learning tool as well as a handy reference for daily practice.
- Serves as a one-stop resource for key concepts and information on radiologic imaging and interpretation of spine, spinal cord, and bony vertebral conditions
- Features more than 2,600 full-color illustrations, including radiologic, pathologic, and clinical images
- Contains new chapters on recent surgery protocols such as spine instability neoplastic scoring (SINS) and epidural spinal cord compression scale (ESSC)
- Features updates from cover to cover including revisions in accordance with new information on inflammatory and autoimmune disorders and systemic manifestations of diseases
- Provides expanded imaging details for metastatic diseases to accommodate recent significant changes, including new categories of oncologic surgery driven by the use of proton beam radiotherapy, PET MR as a diagnostic modality, and new FDA-approved hardware
- Includes new information on areas of demyelinating diseases related to better understanding of MS, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, and anti-MOG disorders; a variety of spinal CSF leak pathologies that cause intracranial hypotension; genetic and disease information on schwannomatosis; and much more
- Uses bulleted, succinct text and highly templated chapters for quick comprehension of essential information at the point of care
Table of Contents
Normal Anatomical Variations
Normal Anatomy
Measurement Techniques
MR Artifacts
Normal Variant
Craniovertebral Junction Variants
Ponticulus Posticus
Ossiculum Terminale
Conjoined Nerve Roots
Limbus Vertebra
Filum Terminale Fibrolipoma
Bone Island
Ventriculus Terminalis
Chiari Disorders
Chiari 0
Chiari 1
Complex Chiari
Chiari 2
Chiari 3
Abnormalities of Neurulation
Approach to Spine and Spinal Cord Development
Myelomeningocele
Lipomyelomeningocele
Lipoma
Dorsal Dermal Sinus
Simple Coccygeal Dimple
Dermoid Cysts
Epidermoid Cysts
Anomalies of the Caudal Cell Mess
Tethered Spinal Cord
Segmental Spinal Dysgenesis
Caudal Regression Syndrome
Terminal Myelocystocele
Anterior Sacral Meningocele
Sacral Extradural Arachnoid Cyst
Sacrococcygeal Teratoma
Anomalies of Notochord and Vertebral Formation
Craniovertebral Junction Embryology
Paracondylar Process
Split Atlas
Klippel-Feil Spectrum
Failure of Vertebral Formation
Vertebral Segmentation Failure
Split Cord Malformation (formerly diastematomyelia)
Partial Vertebral Duplication
Incomplete Fusion, Posterior Element
Neurenteric Cyst
Developmental Abnormalities
Os Odontoideum
Lateral Meningocele
Dorsal Spinal Meningocele
Dural Dysplasia
Genetic Disorders
Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Neurofibromatosis Type 2
NEW
Schwannomatosis
Achondroplasia
Mucopolysaccharidoses
Sickle Cell Disease
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Tuberous Sclerosis
Osteopetrosis
Gaucher Disease
Ochronosis
Connective Tissue Disorders
Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia
Thanatophoric Dwarfism
Scoliosis and Kyphosis
Introduction to Scoliosis
Scoliosis
Kyphosis
Degenerative Scoliosis
Flat Back Syndrome
Scoliosis Instrumentation
Trauma
Vertebral Column, Discs, and Paraspinal Muscle
Fracture Classification
Atlantooccipital Dislocation
Ligamentous Injury
Occipital Condyle Fracture
Jefferson C1 Fracture
Atlantoaxial Rotatory Fixation
Odontoid C2 Fracture
Burst C2 Fracture
Hangman's C2 Fracture
Apophyseal Ring Fracture
Cervical Hyperflexion Injury
Cervical Hyperextension Injury
Cervical Hyperextension-Rotation Injury
Cervical Burst Fracture
Cervical Hyperflexion-Rotation Injury
Cervical Lateral Flexion Injury
Cervical Posterior Column Injury
Traumatic Disc Herniation
Thoracic and Lumbar Burst Fracture
Facet-Lamina Thoracolumbar Fracture
Fracture Dislocation
Chance Fracture
Thoracic and Lumbar Hyperextension Injury
Anterior Compression Fracture
Lateral Compression Fracture
Lumbar Facet-Posterior Fracture
Sacral Traumatic Fracture
Pedicle Stress Fracture
Sacral Insufficiency Fracture
Cord, Dura, and Vessels
SCIWORA
Post-Traumatic Syrinx
Presyrinx Edema
Spinal Cord Contusion-Hematoma
Idiopathic Spinal Cord Herniation
Central Spinal Cord Syndrome
Traumatic Dural Tear
Traumatic Epidural Hematoma
Traumatic Subdural Hematoma
Vascular Injury, Cervical
Traumatic Arteriovenous Fistula
Wallerian Degeneration
Degenerative Diseases and Arthritides
Degenerative Diseases
Nomenclature of Degenerative Disc Disease
Degenerative Disc Disease
Degenerative Endplate Changes
Degenerative Arthritis of the CVJ
Disc Bulge
Anular Fissure, Intervertebral Disc
Cervical Intervertebral Disc Herniation
Thoracic Intervertebral Disc Herniation
Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Herniation
Intervertebral Disc Extrusion, Foraminal
Cervical Facet Arthropathy
Lumbar Facet Arthropathy
Facet Joint Synovial Cyst
Baastrup Disease
Bertolotti Syndrome
Schmorl Node
Scheuermann Disease
Acquired Lumbar Central Stenosis
Congenital Spinal Stenosis
Cervical Spondylosis
DISH
OPLL
Ossification Ligamentum Flavum
Periodontoid Pseudotumor
Spondylolisthesis and Spondylolysis
Spondylolisthesis
Spondylolysis
Instability
Inflammatory, Crystalline, and Miscellaneous Arthritides
Adult Rheumatoid Arthritis
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Spondyloarthropathy
Neurogenic (Charcot) Arthropathy
Hemodialysis Spondyloarthropathy
Ankylosing Spondylitis
CPPD
Gout
Longus Colli Calcific Tendinitis
Infection and Inflammatory Disorders
Infections
Pathways of Spread
Spinal Meningitis
Pyogenic Osteomyelitis
Tuberculous Osteomyelitis
Fungal and Miscellaneous Osteomyelitis
Osteomyelitis, C1-C2
Brucellar Spondylitis
Septic Facet Joint Arthritis
Paraspinal Abscess
Epidural Abscess
Subdural Abscess
Abscess, Spinal Cord
Viral Myelitis
HIV Myelitis
Syphilitic Myelitis
Opportunistic Infections
Echinococcosis
Schistosomiasis
Cysticercosis
Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disorders
Acute Transverse Myelopathy
Idiopathic Acute Transverse Myelitis
Multiple Sclerosis
Neuromyelitis Optica SPECTRUM DISORDER
ADEM
Guillain-Barré Syndrome
CIDP
Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis
Grisel Syndrome
Paraneoplastic Myelopathy
IgG4-Related Disease/Hypertrophic Pachymeningitis
Neoplasms, Cysts, and Other Masses
Neoplasms
Introduction and Overview
Spread of Neoplasms
NEW
SINS, NOMS and ESCC
Extradural
NEW
Imaging of metastatic disease prose intro
Blastic Osseous Metastases
Lytic Osseous Metastases
Hemangioma
Osteoid Osteoma
Osteoblastoma
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst
Giant Cell Tumor
Osteochondroma
Chondrosarcoma
Osteosarcoma
Chordoma
Ewing Sarcoma
Lymphoma
Leukemia
Plasmacytoma
Multiple Myeloma
Neuroblastic Tumor
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
Angiolipoma
Intradural Extramedullary
Schwannoma
NEW
Melanotic Schwannoma
Meningioma
Solitary Fibrous Tumor/Hemangiopericytoma
Neurofibroma
Malignant Nerve Sheath Tumors
Metastases, CSF Disseminated
Paraganglioma
Intramedullary
Astrocytoma
Cellular Ependymoma
Myxopapillary Ependymoma
Hemangioblastoma
Spinal Cord Metastases
Primary Melanocytic Neoplasms/Melanocytoma
Ganglioglioma
Nonneoplastic Cysts, Tumor Mimics and CSF Disorders
Cysts
CSF Flow Artifact
Meningeal Cyst
Perineural Root Sleeve Cyst
Syringomyelia
Nonneoplastic Masses and Tumor Mimics
Epidural Lipomatosis
Normal Fatty Marrow Variants
Fibrous Dysplasia
NEW
CAPNON
Kümmell Disease
Hirayama Disease
NEW
CSF leak disorders
NEW
SIH
NEW
Ventral defects / fast leak
NEW
Root sleeve leaks
NEW
CSF venous fistula
Vascular
Vascular Anatomy and Congenital Lesions
Vascular Anatomy
Persistent First Intersegmental Artery
Persistent Hypoglossal Artery
Persistent Proatlantal Artery
Vascular Malformations
Type 1 Vascular Malformation (dAVF)
Type 2 Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM)
Type 3 Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM)
Type 4 Vascular Malformation (AVF)
Conus Arteriovenous Malformation
Posterior Fossa Dural Fistula With Intraspinal Drainage
Epidural fistula
Cavernous Malformation
Vascular Misc
Spinal Artery Aneurysm
Spinal Cord Infarction
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Spontaneous Epidural Hematoma
Subdural Hematoma
Superficial Siderosis
Hematomyelia/Nontraumatic Cord Hemorrhage
Bow Hunter Syndrome
Vertebral Artery Dissection
Systemic Disorders
Spinal Manifestations of Systemic Diseases
Osteoporosis
Paget Disease
Hyperparathyroidism
Renal Osteodystrophy
Hyperplastic Vertebral Marrow
Myelofibrosis
Bone Infarction
Extramedullary Hematopoiesis
Tumoral Calcinosis
Sarcoidosis
Subacute Combined Degeneration
Peripheral Nerve and Plexus
Plexus and Peripheral Nerve Lesions
Normal Plexus and Nerve Anatomy
Superior Sulcus Tumor
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Muscle Denervation
Brachial Plexus Traction Injury
Idiopathic Brachial Plexus Neuritis
Traumatic Neuroma
Radiation Plexopathy
Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor
Peripheral Neurolymphomatosis
Hypertrophic Neuropathy
Femoral Neuropathy
Ulnar Neuropathy
Suprascapular Neuropathy
Median Neuropathy
Common Peroneal Neuropathy
Tibial Neuropathy
Spine Postprocedural Imaging
Postoperative Imaging and Complications
Surgical Approaches
Normal Postoperative Change
Postoperative Spinal Complications
Myelography Complications
Vertebroplasty Complications
Failed Back Surgery Syndrome
Recurrent Disc Herniation
Peridural Fibrosis
Arachnoiditis/Adhesions
Arachnoiditis Ossificans
Accelerated Degeneration
Postoperative Infection
Pseudomeningocele
CSF Leakage Syndrome
Postsurgical Deformity
Hardware
Metal Artifact
Occipitocervical Fixation
Plates and Screws
Cages
Interbody Fusion Devices
Interspinous Spacing Devices
Cervical Artificial Disc
Lumbar Artificial Disc
Hardware Failure
Bone Graft Complications
rhBMP-2 Complications
Heterotopic Bone Formation
Post Radiation and Chemotherapy Complications
Radiation Myelopathy
Post-Irradiation Vertebral Marrow
Anterior Lumbar Radiculopathy
Normal Anatomical Variations
Normal Anatomy
Measurement Techniques
MR Artifacts
Normal Variant
Craniovertebral Junction Variants
Ponticulus Posticus
Ossiculum Terminale
Conjoined Nerve Roots
Limbus Vertebra
Filum Terminale Fibrolipoma
Bone Island
Ventriculus Terminalis
Chiari Disorders
Chiari 0
Chiari 1
Complex Chiari
Chiari 2
Chiari 3
Abnormalities of Neurulation
Approach to Spine and Spinal Cord Development
Myelomeningocele
Lipomyelomeningocele
Lipoma
Dorsal Dermal Sinus
Simple Coccygeal Dimple
Dermoid Cysts
Epidermoid Cysts
Anomalies of the Caudal Cell Mess
Tethered Spinal Cord
Segmental Spinal Dysgenesis
Caudal Regression Syndrome
Terminal Myelocystocele
Anterior Sacral Meningocele
Sacral Extradural Arachnoid Cyst
Sacrococcygeal Teratoma
Anomalies of Notochord and Vertebral Formation
Craniovertebral Junction Embryology
Paracondylar Process
Split Atlas
Klippel-Feil Spectrum
Failure of Vertebral Formation
Vertebral Segmentation Failure
Split Cord Malformation (formerly diastematomyelia)
Partial Vertebral Duplication
Incomplete Fusion, Posterior Element
Neurenteric Cyst
Developmental Abnormalities
Os Odontoideum
Lateral Meningocele
Dorsal Spinal Meningocele
Dural Dysplasia
Genetic Disorders
Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Neurofibromatosis Type 2
NEW
Schwannomatosis
Achondroplasia
Mucopolysaccharidoses
Sickle Cell Disease
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Tuberous Sclerosis
Osteopetrosis
Gaucher Disease
Ochronosis
Connective Tissue Disorders
Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia
Thanatophoric Dwarfism
Scoliosis and Kyphosis
Introduction to Scoliosis
Scoliosis
Kyphosis
Degenerative Scoliosis
Flat Back Syndrome
Scoliosis Instrumentation
Trauma
Vertebral Column, Discs, and Paraspinal Muscle
Fracture Classification
Atlantooccipital Dislocation
Ligamentous Injury
Occipital Condyle Fracture
Jefferson C1 Fracture
Atlantoaxial Rotatory Fixation
Odontoid C2 Fracture
Burst C2 Fracture
Hangman's C2 Fracture
Apophyseal Ring Fracture
Cervical Hyperflexion Injury
Cervical Hyperextension Injury
Cervical Hyperextension-Rotation Injury
Cervical Burst Fracture
Cervical Hyperflexion-Rotation Injury
Cervical Lateral Flexion Injury
Cervical Posterior Column Injury
Traumatic Disc Herniation
Thoracic and Lumbar Burst Fracture
Facet-Lamina Thoracolumbar Fracture
Fracture Dislocation
Chance Fracture
Thoracic and Lumbar Hyperextension Injury
Anterior Compression Fracture
Lateral Compression Fracture
Lumbar Facet-Posterior Fracture
Sacral Traumatic Fracture
Pedicle Stress Fracture
Sacral Insufficiency Fracture
Cord, Dura, and Vessels
SCIWORA
Post-Traumatic Syrinx
Presyrinx Edema
Spinal Cord Contusion-Hematoma
Idiopathic Spinal Cord Herniation
Central Spinal Cord Syndrome
Traumatic Dural Tear
Traumatic Epidural Hematoma
Traumatic Subdural Hematoma
Vascular Injury, Cervical
Traumatic Arteriovenous Fistula
Wallerian Degeneration
Degenerative Diseases and Arthritides
Degenerative Diseases
Nomenclature of Degenerative Disc Disease
Degenerative Disc Disease
Degenerative Endplate Changes
Degenerative Arthritis of the CVJ
Disc Bulge
Anular Fissure, Intervertebral Disc
Cervical Intervertebral Disc Herniation
Thoracic Intervertebral Disc Herniation
Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Herniation
Intervertebral Disc Extrusion, Foraminal
Cervical Facet Arthropathy
Lumbar Facet Arthropathy
Facet Joint Synovial Cyst
Baastrup Disease
Bertolotti Syndrome
Schmorl Node
Scheuermann Disease
Acquired Lumbar Central Stenosis
Congenital Spinal Stenosis
Cervical Spondylosis
DISH
OPLL
Ossification Ligamentum Flavum
Periodontoid Pseudotumor
Spondylolisthesis and Spondylolysis
Spondylolisthesis
Spondylolysis
Instability
Inflammatory, Crystalline, and Miscellaneous Arthritides
Adult Rheumatoid Arthritis
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Spondyloarthropathy
Neurogenic (Charcot) Arthropathy
Hemodialysis Spondyloarthropathy
Ankylosing Spondylitis
CPPD
Gout
Longus Colli Calcific Tendinitis
Infection and Inflammatory Disorders
Infections
Pathways of Spread
Spinal Meningitis
Pyogenic Osteomyelitis
Tuberculous Osteomyelitis
Fungal and Miscellaneous Osteomyelitis
Osteomyelitis, C1-C2
Brucellar Spondylitis
Septic Facet Joint Arthritis
Paraspinal Abscess
Epidural Abscess
Subdural Abscess
Abscess, Spinal Cord
Viral Myelitis
HIV Myelitis
Syphilitic Myelitis
Opportunistic Infections
Echinococcosis
Schistosomiasis
Cysticercosis
Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disorders
Acute Transverse Myelopathy
Idiopathic Acute Transverse Myelitis
Multiple Sclerosis
Neuromyelitis Optica SPECTRUM DISORDER
ADEM
Guillain-Barré Syndrome
CIDP
Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis
Grisel Syndrome
Paraneoplastic Myelopathy
IgG4-Related Disease/Hypertrophic Pachymeningitis
Neoplasms, Cysts, and Other Masses
Neoplasms
Introduction and Overview
Spread of Neoplasms
NEW
SINS, NOMS and ESCC
Extradural
NEW
Imaging of metastatic disease prose intro
Blastic Osseous Metastases
Lytic Osseous Metastases
Hemangioma
Osteoid Osteoma
Osteoblastoma
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst
Giant Cell Tumor
Osteochondroma
Chondrosarcoma
Osteosarcoma
Chordoma
Ewing Sarcoma
Lymphoma
Leukemia
Plasmacytoma
Multiple Myeloma
Neuroblastic Tumor
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
Angiolipoma
Intradural Extramedullary
Schwannoma
NEW
Melanotic Schwannoma
Meningioma
Solitary Fibrous Tumor/Hemangiopericytoma
Neurofibroma
Malignant Nerve Sheath Tumors
Metastases, CSF Disseminated
Paraganglioma
Intramedullary
Astrocytoma
Cellular Ependymoma
Myxopapillary Ependymoma
Hemangioblastoma
Spinal Cord Metastases
Primary Melanocytic Neoplasms/Melanocytoma
Ganglioglioma
Nonneoplastic Cysts, Tumor Mimics and CSF Disorders
Cysts
CSF Flow Artifact
Meningeal Cyst
Perineural Root Sleeve Cyst
Syringomyelia
Nonneoplastic Masses and Tumor Mimics
Epidural Lipomatosis
Normal Fatty Marrow Variants
Fibrous Dysplasia
NEW
CAPNON
Kümmell Disease
Hirayama Disease
NEW
CSF leak disorders
NEW
SIH
NEW
Ventral defects / fast leak
NEW
Root sleeve leaks
NEW
CSF venous fistula
Vascular
Vascular Anatomy and Congenital Lesions
Vascular Anatomy
Persistent First Intersegmental Artery
Persistent Hypoglossal Artery
Persistent Proatlantal Artery
Vascular Malformations
Type 1 Vascular Malformation (dAVF)
Type 2 Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM)
Type 3 Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM)
Type 4 Vascular Malformation (AVF)
Conus Arteriovenous Malformation
Posterior Fossa Dural Fistula With Intraspinal Drainage
Epidural fistula
Cavernous Malformation
Vascular Misc
Spinal Artery Aneurysm
Spinal Cord Infarction
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Spontaneous Epidural Hematoma
Subdural Hematoma
Superficial Siderosis
Hematomyelia/Nontraumatic Cord Hemorrhage
Bow Hunter Syndrome
Vertebral Artery Dissection
Systemic Disorders
Spinal Manifestations of Systemic Diseases
Osteoporosis
Paget Disease
Hyperparathyroidism
Renal Osteodystrophy
Hyperplastic Vertebral Marrow
Myelofibrosis
Bone Infarction
Extramedullary Hematopoiesis
Tumoral Calcinosis
Sarcoidosis
Subacute Combined Degeneration
Peripheral Nerve and Plexus
Plexus and Peripheral Nerve Lesions
Normal Plexus and Nerve Anatomy
Superior Sulcus Tumor
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Muscle Denervation
Brachial Plexus Traction Injury
Idiopathic Brachial Plexus Neuritis
Traumatic Neuroma
Radiation Plexopathy
Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor
Peripheral Neurolymphomatosis
Hypertrophic Neuropathy
Femoral Neuropathy
Ulnar Neuropathy
Suprascapular Neuropathy
Median Neuropathy
Common Peroneal Neuropathy
Tibial Neuropathy
Spine Postprocedural Imaging
Postoperative Imaging and Complications
Surgical Approaches
Normal Postoperative Change
Postoperative Spinal Complications
Myelography Complications
Vertebroplasty Complications
Failed Back Surgery Syndrome
Recurrent Disc Herniation
Peridural Fibrosis
Arachnoiditis/Adhesions
Arachnoiditis Ossificans
Accelerated Degeneration
Postoperative Infection
Pseudomeningocele
CSF Leakage Syndrome
Postsurgical Deformity
Hardware
Metal Artifact
Occipitocervical Fixation
Plates and Screws
Cages
Interbody Fusion Devices
Interspinous Spacing Devices
Cervical Artificial Disc
Lumbar Artificial Disc
Hardware Failure
Bone Graft Complications
rhBMP-2 Complications
Heterotopic Bone Formation
Post Radiation and Chemotherapy Complications
Radiation Myelopathy
Post-Irradiation Vertebral Marrow
Anterior Lumbar Radiculopathy